Selective attention has been reported to be impaired by mental fatigue [ 18 , 25 ]. Although the reaction time in Task A, a simple selective attention task, was not altered by BEC intake, BEC intake caused a shorter reaction time after the recovery period in Task B, which included Stroop trials. Because the Stroop trial involves conflict i. The conflict-control of selective attention processes in Stroop trials activates the prefrontal cortex PFC [ 28 , 29 ] and the anterior cingulate cortex ACC [ 30 , 31 ].
Interestingly, the PFC and the ACC have been reported to be the brain regions that have associations with fatigue [ 32 — 34 ]. Thus, our results suggest that BEC intake has favorable effects in these brain regions during the recovery period from mental fatigue. Regarding physical fatigue, muscular exercise promotes the production of radicals and other reactive oxygen species in working muscles.
Growing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species are responsible for exercise-induced protein oxidation and contribute to physical fatigue [ 35 ]. To protect against exercise-induced oxidative injury, muscle cells contain complex endogenous cellular defense mechanisms that eliminate reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, exogenous dietary antioxidants interact with endogenous antioxidants to form a cooperative network of cellular antioxidants.
Accordingly, exogenous antioxidants were candidates for anti-fatigue substances, at least in terms of physical fatigue [ 35 ]. Since BEC consists of many different substances, it is difficult to identify which ones have beneficial effects on mental fatigue.
However, imidazole dipeptides such as anserine and carnosine contained in BEC were reported to be powerful natural antioxidants [ 16 , 36 ]. In addition, Imidazole dipeptides were found to accelerate the recovery from physical fatigue via their antioxidative effects [ 12 , 36 ]. Taken together, one possible explanation for the acceleration of recovery from mental fatigue by BEC intake could be via its antioxidative effects in the same way as physical fatigue. A human study showed that administration of vitamin C, an antioxidant, improved cognitive function as well as the sense of fatigue after mental fatigue loads, and oxidation was found to contribute to mental fatigue [ 8 ].
Thus, the alternative approaches of using antioxidants may be helpful for mental fatigue. Three limitations of the present study must be noted. First, the mechanisms by which BEC improved recovery from mental fatigue remain to be determined.
Further studies are needed to identify the fatigue-recovering mechanisms of BEC. Second, the results of the present study were obtained with a small sample size. Third, the participants were only healthy males in their thirties from single country or culture. Further large-scale investigations in other populations are needed, which may help draw clearer conclusions about the mental fatigue-recovery effects of BEC.
We showed that daily oral administration of BEC essence of chicken improved recovery from mental fatigue manifested as the impairment of cognitive function in healthy males. This is the first study to show a favorable anti-fatigue outcome using BEC.
This will open new perspectives on strategies for the treatment of mental fatigue. The authors thank Dr. Mike Connolly for editorial help with the manuscript. Nobuo Tsuruoka is an employee of Suntory Holdings Ltd. Source of support: This work was supported in part by Cerebos Pacific Ltd. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Med Sci Monit v.
Med Sci Monit. Published online Jul 8. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding Author: Emi Yamano, e-mail: pj. Received Dec 9; Accepted May This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Background Fatigue is a common symptom in modern society. Results After essence of chicken intake for 1 and 4 weeks, the reaction times on the cognitive task trials after the rest session were significantly shorter than those at baseline, and significant changes were not observed with placebo intake.
Conclusions We showed that daily intake of essence of chicken could be effective for the recovery from mental fatigue and is a promising candidate for use as an anti-fatigue food. Keywords: essence of chicken, humans, mental fatigue, recovery, selective attention. Background Fatigue is a common symptom both in sickness and in health [ 1 — 3 ].
Material and Methods Participants Twenty healthy male volunteers [age, Experimental design After enrolment, the participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups in a placebo-controlled crossover manner to initially receive chicken essence or placebo drink Figure 1A. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Procedures On each experimental day, they performed fatigue-inducing and rest sessions, with evaluation sessions just before and after these sessions Figure 1B.
Fatigue-inducing task As a fatigue-inducing mental task, participants performed 2-back test trials [ 23 ] for 40 minutes [ 24 ]. Cognitive task The cognitive task presentation consisted of traffic lights a Japanese character meaning blue or red was placed on either blue or red lights shown on the display of a personal computer screen [ 25 , 26 ].
Figure 2. Figure 3. Cognitive task Reaction times after the fatigue-inducing and rest sessions in Tasks A and B are shown in Table 1. Figure 4. Figure 5. Table 1 Reaction times after the fatigue-inducing and rest sessions in Task A and B. Discussion We found that oral administration of the BEC drink improved the subjective level of fatigue as well as improving cognitive task performances in healthy males.
Conclusions We showed that daily oral administration of BEC essence of chicken improved recovery from mental fatigue manifested as the impairment of cognitive function in healthy males. Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. References 1. Grandjean EP. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. Ream E, Richardson A. Fatigue: a concept analysis.
Int J Nurs Stud. Fatigue is a predictor for cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Fatigue in neurological disorders. Population based study of fatigue and psychological distress. Psychiatric disorders and medical care utilization among people in the general population who report fatigue. J Gen Intern Med. Relationship among self-reported fatigue, dietary taurine intake, and dietary habits in Korean college students.
Adv Exp Med Biol. Effects of high-dose B vitamin complex with vitamin C and minerals on subjective mood and performance in healthy males. Brouwer E. On simple formulae for calculating the heat expenditure and quantities of carbohydrate and fat oxidized in metabolism of men and animals, from gaseous exchange Oxygen intake and carbonic acid output and urine-N.
Acta Physiol Pharmacol Neerl. Mental and physical fatigue-related biochemical alterations. Antifatigue effects of coenzyme Q10 during physical fatigue.
Strengthen immunity Chicken essence has long been consumed by Asians for their ability to improve weakened immunity. Buy 1 Get 1 Free! Add to cart. Benefits Strengthen immunity. Read more. Tags: Chicken Essence Health. Leave a Reply Cancel Reply You must be logged in to post a comment. Follow Us On Social Media. Payment Options. Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions. Boost Sexual Health Vitality. Select Category. Positive Vibes with Essence of Chicken. Essence of chicken is widely known and taken in the Chinese community.
Must drink Essence of Chicken, good for you! Remember to drink Essence of Chicken! A bottle of Essence of Chicken can help you boost energy.
Almost every mom would make their kids drink this during exam periods. It has even become a kind of health supplement cum traditional remedy. So what exactly are the health benefits of Essence of Chicken? And why is good? Combats mental fatigue. In everyday life, everyone is striving for a better future.
Office workers sitting for long hours in front of the computer beyond the working hour; bosses attending never ending meetings for business opportunities; housewives starting the day early to ensure the family has nutritious breakfast and continues her daily chores for the day; students studying all night for exam preparation so they can excel.
All these tasks strain your mind as well as energy gradually. How to tell if you experience mental fatigue? Symptoms include:. Difficulty concentrating. Difficulty in solving problems. Irritability due to lack of concentration.
Loss of passion for work or interest. Sleepless nights. Confusion or frustration triggered by problem-solving tasks like simple math. It contains protein and amino acids as well. Consumption on this also boosts stamina, suitable for fatigue working adults, people who have insufficient sleep as well as recuperation of health. Boosts vitality. Essence of chicken has longed been used as the remedy for energy boosting. What if you need extra booster than the traditional essence of chicken?
The good about American ginseng is that the properties is relatively mild so it is not as hot as Asian ginseng. Besides nourishing Yin, it promotes fluid production as well. Shou Di shares similar efficacy with American ginseng, but Shou Di tonifies blood.
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